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Chapters

0:00 Introduction
1:45 Causes of Middle Ear Infection
2:35 Symptoms of Middle Ear Infection
3:18 Diagnosis of Middle Ear Infection
4:02 Treatment of Middle Ear Infection

A middle ear infection is a condition that occurs when a virus or bacteria causes the air-filled space behind the eardrum to become inflamed.
• Also called otitis media, a middle ear infection is the most common type of ear infection individuals face.
• This condition is more prevalent in children than in adults. The Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital at Stanford estimates that middle ear infections occur in 80% of children by the time they reach age 3.
• It is easier for parents to recognize the condition in children who are able to articulate how they are feeling than in infants and toddlers.
• Hearing problems and other serious complications can develop from long-term exposure to ear infections – persistent or frequent ear infections, persistent fluid in the middle ear.
• These complications may include impaired hearing, the spread of infection, tearing of eardrum, and even speech and developmental delay.

Some other conditions that may result in similar middle ear problems or that may be related to an ear infection may include:
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• Otitis media with effusion (OME) which occurs when mucus and fluid persist or continue to build up in the middle ear after an infection has resolved. It may also occur following some dysfunction or noninfectious blockage of the Eustachian tube.
• Acute otitis media, this types comes on quickly and is accompanied by swelling and redness in the ear.
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How does our immune system protect us against diseases? What do our white blood cells do during an infection?

In Episode 2 of our short animation series, we take a look at the various white blood cells that are an essential part of our immune system. This video provides an overview of the function of each type of cell, and how interactions between different white blood cells are required to create an effective immune response.

When a pathogen enters our body, it can start to multiply inside us, making us ill. How does our immune system respond to fight off the pathogen? Our immune system contains a variety of white blood cells that all have their own role to play in protecting us from disease.

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of better understanding our immune system, and how it works alone, and alongside medicine, to keep the world safe from infectious diseases.

This educational animation was brought to you by Oxford Immunotec.

Find out more about the immune response to viral infections, including to COVID-19, via the educational materials page:
https://www.tcellexperts.com/educational-content

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Today we are going to learn about Genitourinary cancer. This is important information for men who can suffer from this cancer which may also be lethal

Watch out for the latest video of Dr. Anil Mandhani, Chairman of Kidney and Urology Institute Medanta. With his rich experience, He has extensively explained various essential factors of Genitourinary cancer (Penile Cancer Case)

To Book an Appointment – https://www.medantaeclinic.org/#!/login
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CHAPTERS
0:00 How to prevent Penile Cancer
0:46 Multiple sexual partners
1:01 Smoking is one of the reason
2:09 Passing death sentence to patient
2:36 Spread the message of clean lingam

#Genitourinarycancer #Genitourinary #PenileCancer #Penile #DrAnilMandhani
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Diabetic Ketoacidosis | Made easy | DKA | Causes | Pathophysiology |signs & Symptoms | Management

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion.
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This leads to hyperglycemia, which may result in acute metabolic complications such as
 Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) &
 Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNS).

Diabetic ketoacidosis is characterized by hyperglycemia, ketonemia, and acidemia.DKA is caused by an absence or markedly inadequate amount of insulin.
Causes of Diabetic Ketoacidosis
• Infection: (pneumonia, bacteremia, UTI etc.).drug intoxication
• Side effects of drugs (Steroids),Failed to take insulin
• Vascular occlusion ,Surgical procedures ,Stress
• Pregnancy
Diabetic Ketoacidosis : Pathophysiology
Insulin controls the glucose level in the blood by regulating the production & storage of glucose. In the diabetic state, the cells may stop responding to insulin or the pancreas may stop producing insulin.
Without insulin, the amount of glucose entering the cells is reduced & the liver increases glucose production.—-Hyperglycemia—–Osmotic Diuresis—–Dehydration and marked electrolyte loss.
Another effect of insulin deficiency
Breakdown of fat into FFA & glycerol——–FFA converted into Ketone bodies by the liver——-Accumulation of ketone bodies in the circulation
Metabolic acidosis
Clinical Manifestation of Diabetic Ketoacidosis
• Dehydration: Poor skin turgor, Dry mucous membrane
• Electrolyte imbalance
• Acidotic breathing
• Drowsiness, Restlessness, Stupor, Convulsion
• Cardiac irregularities
• Urine output high or low
Diagnostic Evaluation
• History collection
• Physical Examination : Signs of dehydration
• High blood sugar more than 300-400 mg/dl
• Blood Investigation :
Serum electrolytes: Sodium and potassium levels may be low, normal, or high, depending on the amount of water loss (dehydration).
Elevated BUN and creatinine
• ABG : Metabolic acidosis,Respiratory alkalosis
• Urine infections, Pus cells in urine, Ketone bodies in urine

Diabetic Ketoacidosis : Medical Management
• Rehydration:
• Restoring Electrolytes
• Reversing Acidosis
• Blood sugar control & Restoring vital organ control
Diabetic Ketoacidosis : Nursing Management
• Monitor vital signs ,saturation and Pain score
• Monitor electrolyte status as well as blood glucose levels.
• Monitor urine output and mainatin I/O chart.
• Monitor for dysrhythmias indicating abnormal potassium levels.
• Check the conscious level of patient.
• Administer insulin as per the order.

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Disclaimer : This video is for educational purpose only, and is not intended as medical advice and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. While we strive for 100% accuracy, errors may occur, and medications or protocols may change over time .
Yellow pages nursing (YPN) attests to the accuracy of the information contained here but takes no responsibility for how it may apply to an individual patient. The content used in this lesson is used in accordance with Fair Use laws and is intended for educational purposes only.
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Hyperglycemia is a condition that requires emergency treatment. Typically, patients with diabetes get hyperglycemia or high blood sugar. Lack of sufficient insulin in type 1 diabetes patients can lead to high blood sugar. Type 2 diabetes patients get it when their body’s insulin is ineffective.

There can be several causes of high blood sugar, including:
Skipping or forgetting to take insulin
Consuming more carbohydrates
Stress
Illness
Exercising less than normal
The dawn phenomenon (early morning surge in hormones)

If you suspect hyperglycemia, it is essential to seek treatment immediately since it can lead to life-threatening conditions. Early hyperglycemia symptoms are blood sugar higher than 180 mg/dL, increased thirst, frequent urination, headache, and fatigue. If not treated immediately, it can lead to nerve, blood vessel, and organ damage.

There are not too many differences present between hyperglycemia vs hypoglycemia. While hyperglycemia is high blood sugar (greater than 180 mg/dL), hypoglycemia is low blood sugar (less than 70 mg/dL). If not treated immediately, both of them can have severe consequences and may even lead to death.

How is #hyperglycemia treatment done? Can hyperglycemia cause ketoacidosis and HHNS, which are severe life-threatening conditions? We answer all your doubts in the video!

Like and share the video with your friends to let them know the dangers of high blood sugar! Subscribe to our channel for more such useful health information.

Chapters:
0:00 Intro
0:29 High Blood Sugar Causes
1:02 High Blood Sugar Symptoms
1:30 High Blood Sugar Complications
2:28 High Blood Sugar Treatment
2:50 Hyperglycemia vs Hypoglycemia

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Hyperglycemia is the term given to when your blood sugar levels are higher than 10 mmol/L. Blood sugar levels levels exceeding 7 mmol/L can damage internal organs, however, symptoms may not develop until blood glucose levels exceed 15 mmol/L so it’s worth knowing about the symptoms of hyperglycemia and how to recognise the symptoms.

Read more about hyperglycemia at: http://www.diabetes.co.uk/Diabetes-and-Hyperglycaemia.html
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