Archive for the tag: Explained

The TRUTH About The Peninsular War (Part 1) – Napoleonic Wars Explained

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The TRUTH About The Peninsular War – Napoleonic Wars Explained

EveryThing History teaches young and old about the world we live and thrive in from geographical changes , wars that devastated the planet or choices made from individuals that would alter the world we live in for the good or worst.

At EveryThing History our main priority is supplying you with the most accurate and relevant information possible. Despite this not everything stated can be proven to be 100% factual. Who would’ve thought telling the story of our wonderful planet would be so difficult?

We hope you enjoy our content and keep coming back for more. Maybe you’ll find yourself becoming more knowledgeable or find it easier winding down at night because of our videos!

In this video we tell you about The Peninsular and its importance in the Napoleonic Wars. Let us know what you think of this video down below!

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) explained with cartoons!

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This video covers the basic pathophysiology that leads to Diabetic Ketoacidosis using easy-to-follow animations/cartoons. Includes: how insufficient insulin levels lead to hypoglycemia, high urine output and thirst, hypothermia, metabolic acidosis, and cardiac dysthymia.

Aimed at healthcare students and professionals aiming who are new to the topic or trying to get themselves reacquainted with the basics. The video aims to use simple fun graphics to produce a memorable and easy-to-follow explanation of what can be a daunting subject. Happy learning!
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Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) Explained Clearly – Diabetes Complications

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Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) Explained Clearly - Diabetes Complications

Understand Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) with this clear explanation from Dr. Seheult of http://www.medcram.com.

This is video 1 of 2 on diabetic ketoacidosis (pathophysiology and signs of diabetic ketoacidosis / DKA):

0:08 DKA stats
0:47 DKA – cellular anatomy
1:00 mitochondria
1:48 beta-oxidation
2:30 insulin function
3:08 pyruvate
3:19 diabetes mellitus type 1
3:26 diabetes mellitus type 2
4:48 ketone bodies (acetone, acetoacetate, b-hydroxybutyrate)
6:09 carboxylic acid
6:23 conjugate base (anion gap acidosis)
7:38 beta-oxidation
8:17 DKA review
8:57 diabetic ketoacidosis – hyperkalemia
9:37 diabetic ketoacidosis – dehydration
9:50 osmotic diuresis
10:10 dehydration
10:27 diabetic ketoacidosis – potassium effects
11:04 diabetic ketoacidosis – Cr elevation / renal failure
11:30 anion gap metabolic acidosis
12:09 measuring ketone bodies (serum ketones, b-hydroxybutyrate)

Speaker: Roger Seheult, MD
Clinical and Exam Preparation Instructor
Board Certified in Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Disease, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine.

MedCram: Medical topics explained clearly including: Asthma, COPD, Acute Renal Failure, Mechanical Ventilation, Oxygen Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve, Hypertension, Shock, Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA), Medical Acid Base, VQ Mismatch, Hyponatremia, Liver Function Tests, Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs), Adrenal Gland, Pneumonia Treatment, internal medicine, usmle prep, dka, and many others. New topics are often added weekly- please subscribe to help support MedCram and become notified when new videos have been uploaded.

Subscribe: https://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=medcramvideos

Recommended Audience: Health care professionals and medical students: including physicians, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, nurses, respiratory therapists, EMT and paramedics, and many others. Review for USMLE, MCAT, PANCE, NCLEX, NAPLEX, NDBE, RN, RT, MD, DO, PA, NP school and board examinations.

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Produced by Kyle Allred PA-C

Please note: MedCram medical videos, medical lectures, medical illustrations, and medical animations are for medical education and exam preparation purposes, and not intended to replace recommendations by your health care provider.

What Causes Yellowing of the Eyes? Jaundice and Liver Function Explained ( part 1 )

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In this video, I will attempt to explain the functions of the liver and what causes jaundice, a condition that makes our eyes and our skin yellow.
Come join me today in this video to unravel the function of the liver and what causes jaundice.
I will also touch upon viral hepatitis as a major cause of liver inflammation and dysfunction.

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Think of the liver as a factory that is functioning 24/7.
It’s a factory that has a production line, waste disposal system and a very well run storage system.

The manufacturing component of the liver produces
A) Bile juice, which is critical in the digestion and absorption of fat in the small intestines. Bile also helps in the disposal of waste via our stool
B) Albumin and blood plasma proteins are essential in preventing leakage of fluid out of our blood vessels and in ensuring that our blood can clot to prevent excessive bleeding.
C) immune components and cells such as complement components and acute phase proteins which helps us get rid of external invading agents.

It also has excellent storage capabilities.
It stores the excess glucose floating in our bloodstream and pack them into glycogen within the liver, allowing our human body to utilise this energy when we need it.
It stores essential minerals and vitamins like vitamins A, D, E, K and B12 as well as iron and copper.
All of these minerals and vitamins are vital to our bodily functions, including the formation of blood haemoglobin.

And perhaps the most important function of the liver is in its filtration and waste disposal capability.
All the blood leaving the stomach and intestines passes through the liver, which removes toxins, byproducts, bacteria and other harmful substances, which include drugs that we consume.
Ammonia, which is produced from all organs in our body, is removed almost entirely by the liver.
And If allowed to accumulate, high levels of ammonia can be toxic to our brain, causing confusion, hallucinations and even coma.
Our red blood cells renew themselves every 3 months. Old and dying red blood cells are broken down and the yellowish bilirubin is removed via our liver as well.

So, if you can imagine, what will happen to us if our liver fails?
We will no longer be able to remove wastes and toxins. When this waste builds up, it poisons our organs from within and our body will shut down and stop functioning.
Our blood vessels become leaky with fluid accumulating in our skin and subcutaneous tissues, resulting in a swollen face, swollen abdomen and swollen legs.
In severe cases, water accumulates in our lungs, causing the sensation of drowning.
Our immune system will become severely weakened and we will be prone to all sorts of infection and we may start to bleed easily as our clotting function becomes impaired.
And we will start turning yellow because of the accumulation of bilirubin in our system.
This is known as jaundice

Now let us discuss more jaundice.
Jaundice occurs when high levels of yellowish bilirubin accumulate in our bloodstream, turning the white of our eyes and our skin yellow.
There are many causes of jaundice, which is a lecture by itself.
Jaundice can occur due to the overproduction of bilirubin in our bloodstream – such as when there is overwhelming destruction of our red blood cells.
Or it can occur due to the blockage of the bile duct by stones or cancers, resulting in bilirubin failing to be discharged in our stool. The bilirubin will then overflow back into our bloodstream.
In the majority of cases, it is often due to the inflammation and infection of the liver, of which viral hepatitis is the top culprit.
Hepatitis A, B, C and E are endemic in Singapore. Meaning they are around us all year round.
Inflammation of the liver by viral hepatitis can severely impair the liver’s ability to remove bilirubin.
And therefore jaundice is one of the prominent signs of advanced viral hepatitis.

00:00 Intro
00:45 Functions of liver
00:54 Liver manufacturing capabilities
01:25 Liver storage functions
01:55 Liver Filtration and Waste disposal capabilities
03:19 What is jaundice & causes of jaundice

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Penicillins – Antibiotics Explained Clearly

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Dr. Roger Seheult of http://www.medcram.com illustrates the key differences between the various types of penicillin antibiotic medications:

0:57 – Discovery and brief history of penicillin
1:44 – Penicillinase
2:00 – Semi-synthetic penicillins (methicillin, oxacillin, nafcillin)
3:21 – Need for gram negative antibiotic coverage (E-coli, pseudomonas, etc.)
4:26 – Aminopenicillins (ampicillin, amoxicillin)
4:49 – Extended spectrum penicillin (piperacillin, ticarcillin)
5:14 – Beta-lactamase
5:42 – Beta-lactamase inhibitors (ampicillin/sulbactam and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid
6:35 – Piperacillin/tazobactam
6:54 – Ticarcillin and clavulanate
8:18 – Staph aureus and mutations against penicillin (PCN)
8:42 – MRSA – methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
9:14 – Clindamycin, trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, quinolones, vancomycin, daptomycin, and linezolid
10:13 – A note about cross-reactivity / low platelets
10:33 – MSSA and nafcillin

Speaker: Roger Seheult, MD
Clinical and Exam Preparation Instructor
Board Certified in Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Disease, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine.

MedCram: Medical topics explained clearly including: Asthma, COPD, Acute Renal Failure, Mechanical Ventilation, Oxygen Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve, Hypertension, Shock, Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA), Medical Acid Base, VQ Mismatch, Hyponatremia, Liver Function Tests, Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs), Adrenal Gland, Pneumonia Treatment, any many others. New topics are often added weekly- please subscribe to help support MedCram and become notified when new videos have been uploaded.

Subscribe: https://www.youtube.com/subscription_…

Recommended Audience: Health care professionals and medical students: including physicians, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, nurses, respiratory therapists, EMT and paramedics, and many others. Review for USMLE, MCAT, PANCE, NCLEX, NAPLEX, NDBE, RN, RT, MD, DO, PA, NP school and board examinations.

More from MedCram:

Complete Video library: https://www.youtube.com/c/medcram
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/MedCram
Google+: https://plus.google.com/u/1/+Medcram
Twitter: https://twitter.com/MedCramVideos

Produced by Kyle Allred PA-C

Please note: MedCram medical videos, medical lectures, medical illustrations, and medical animations are for medical educational and exam preparation purposes, and not intended to replace recommendations by your health care provider.
Video Rating: / 5

Penicillin | Microorganisms | Biology | FuseSchool

Penicillin is a type of antibiotic that can be used to treat bacterial infections. Really important – antibiotics can only be used to treat bacterial infections.

Penicillin was first discovered in 1928 by a scientist called Alexander Fleming. He noticed that bacteria he was trying to grow would not grow near a certain type of mould fungus. After lots of experimentation he discovered that the mould produced a substance that killed the bacteria. He called this substance penicillin and was able to purify it and use it to treat bacterial infections in people. The drug has gone on to save millions of lives.

CREDITS
Animation & Design: Chloe Fyvie Adams
Narration: Dale Bennett
Script: Bethan Parry

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The Immune System Explained I – Bacteria Infection

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The Immune System Explained I – Bacteria Infection

Every second of your life you are under attack. Bacteria, viruses, spores and more living stuff wants to enter your body and use its resources for itself. The immune system is a powerful army of cells that fights like a T-Rex on speed and sacrifices itself for your survival. Without it you would die in no time. This sounds simple but the reality is complex, beautiful and just awesome. An animation of the immune system.

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somersault18:24

Why you are still alive – The immune system explained

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