Archive for the 'health' Category

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) explained with cartoons!

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This video covers the basic pathophysiology that leads to Diabetic Ketoacidosis using easy-to-follow animations/cartoons. Includes: how insufficient insulin levels lead to hypoglycemia, high urine output and thirst, hypothermia, metabolic acidosis, and cardiac dysthymia.

Aimed at healthcare students and professionals aiming who are new to the topic or trying to get themselves reacquainted with the basics. The video aims to use simple fun graphics to produce a memorable and easy-to-follow explanation of what can be a daunting subject. Happy learning!
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COVID-19 Animation: What Happens If You Get Coronavirus?

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For Employees of Hospitals, Schools, Universities and Libraries: Download 8 FREE medical animations from Nucleus by signing up for a free trial: http://nmal.nucleusmedicalmedia.com/free-trial-membership-a

Biology students: Subscribe to the Nucleus Biology channel to see new animations on biology and other science topics, plus short quizzes to ace your next exam: https://bit.ly/3lH1CzV

This video 3D animation on COVID-19: What Happens If You Get Coronavirus is a collaboration between Nucleus Medical Media and our friends at the What If Channel. To watch super interesting hypothetical scenarios on the human body, humanity, the planet and the cosmos, please visit the What If Channel at https://www.youtube.com/WhatIfScienceShow.
#covid-19 #coronavirus #omicron
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Septic Shock: Treating Blood Infections, Pneumonia, Urinary Tract Infections

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Septic shock can be a life-threatening condition if not treated in a timely manner. Treating infections such as pneumonia or urinary tract infections early can prevent septic shock. Taison Bell, MD, explains this blood infection and the effective treatments available at UVA.

If you have septic shock, visit the ER: https://uvahealth.com/locations/profile/emergency-department

In Taison Bell’s Words:
Septic shock is the result of an infection that’s in the blood stream. These can be infections that come from different sorts of areas. So, in the lungs, it would be called a pneumonia, or in the urine, a urinary tract infection. And often times, when we get these infections, our bodies are able to fight them off, and especially if we can get antibiotics and other therapies, it can kind of turn the course. But sometimes the infection gets worse, and the shock happens when the body has an abnormal, exaggerated response to the infection. And this can lead to a host of downstream complications that are primarily related to the inability of the body to deliver oxygenated blood to your vital organs, and when that happens, the organs can start to shut down, or go into organ failure. And the key to treating this is to give antibiotics early, effective antibiotics, to give intravenous fluids to help support blood flow to the organs, and try to support all the organ function that the patient needs.
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Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) Explained Clearly – Diabetes Complications

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Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) Explained Clearly - Diabetes Complications

Understand Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) with this clear explanation from Dr. Seheult of http://www.medcram.com.

This is video 1 of 2 on diabetic ketoacidosis (pathophysiology and signs of diabetic ketoacidosis / DKA):

0:08 DKA stats
0:47 DKA – cellular anatomy
1:00 mitochondria
1:48 beta-oxidation
2:30 insulin function
3:08 pyruvate
3:19 diabetes mellitus type 1
3:26 diabetes mellitus type 2
4:48 ketone bodies (acetone, acetoacetate, b-hydroxybutyrate)
6:09 carboxylic acid
6:23 conjugate base (anion gap acidosis)
7:38 beta-oxidation
8:17 DKA review
8:57 diabetic ketoacidosis – hyperkalemia
9:37 diabetic ketoacidosis – dehydration
9:50 osmotic diuresis
10:10 dehydration
10:27 diabetic ketoacidosis – potassium effects
11:04 diabetic ketoacidosis – Cr elevation / renal failure
11:30 anion gap metabolic acidosis
12:09 measuring ketone bodies (serum ketones, b-hydroxybutyrate)

Speaker: Roger Seheult, MD
Clinical and Exam Preparation Instructor
Board Certified in Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Disease, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine.

MedCram: Medical topics explained clearly including: Asthma, COPD, Acute Renal Failure, Mechanical Ventilation, Oxygen Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve, Hypertension, Shock, Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA), Medical Acid Base, VQ Mismatch, Hyponatremia, Liver Function Tests, Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs), Adrenal Gland, Pneumonia Treatment, internal medicine, usmle prep, dka, and many others. New topics are often added weekly- please subscribe to help support MedCram and become notified when new videos have been uploaded.

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Recommended Audience: Health care professionals and medical students: including physicians, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, nurses, respiratory therapists, EMT and paramedics, and many others. Review for USMLE, MCAT, PANCE, NCLEX, NAPLEX, NDBE, RN, RT, MD, DO, PA, NP school and board examinations.

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Produced by Kyle Allred PA-C

Please note: MedCram medical videos, medical lectures, medical illustrations, and medical animations are for medical education and exam preparation purposes, and not intended to replace recommendations by your health care provider.

Hypoglycaemia – How to Treat and Prevent Low Blood Sugar

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If you have diabetes, you don’t just need to watch out for high blood sugar but low blood sugar (also known as Hypoglycaemia) as well!

Hypoglycaemia occurs when blood sugar levels fall below 4mmol/L. Learn what are the symptoms of Hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar), how to treat low blood sugar symptoms and steps you can take to prevent it from happening.
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Talk to a Dr. Berg Keto Consultant today and get the help you need on your journey. Call 1-540-299-1556 with your questions about Keto, Intermittent Fasting or the use of Dr. Berg products. Consultants are available Monday through Friday from 8 am to 10 pm EST. Saturday & Sunday from 9 am to 6 pm EST. USA Only.

. . Here’s what causes hypoglycemia. Check this out.
 
Timestamps
0:09 What is hypoglycemia?
0:13 Symptoms of hypoglycemia 
0:30 What causes hypoglycemia? 
4:24 What to do

In this video, we’re going to talk about what causes hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia is a condition where you have low sugar in the blood.

A few symptoms of hypoglycemia:

• Dizziness 
• Irritability 
• Increased thirst 
• Sugar cravings
• Depression 

Having either low or high sugar in the body is not good for your health. Too much sugar in the body basically causes a reverse effect and is called hyperglycemia. 

Adrenal stress can also cause hypoglycemia. But, there’s a big confusion on the deeper cause of hypoglycemia. If someone consumes excess sugars, it creates a whiplash effect of the pancreas pumping out the insulin. This over-reaction will create a drop in blood sugar. It’s my opinion that you should avoid sugar, and never add sugar when you have low sugar unless you want to continue this problem. 

Dr. Eric Berg DC Bio:
Dr. Berg, 56 years of age is a chiropractor who specializes in Healthy Ketosis & Intermittent Fasting. He is the author of The New Body Type Guide and other books published by KB Publishing. He has taught students nutrition as an adjunct professor at Howard University. He no longer practices, but focuses on health education through social media.

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Disclaimer:
Dr. Eric Berg received his Doctor of Chiropractic degree from Palmer College of Chiropractic in 1988. His use of “doctor” or “Dr.” in relation to himself solely refers to that degree. Dr. Berg is a licensed chiropractor in Virginia, California, and Louisiana, but he no longer practices chiropractic in any state and does not see patients so he can focus on educating people as a full time activity, yet he maintains an active license. This video is for general informational purposes only. It should not be used to self-diagnose and it is not a substitute for a medical exam, cure, treatment, diagnosis, and prescription or recommendation. It does not create a doctor-patient relationship between Dr. Berg and you. You should not make any change in your health regimen or diet before first consulting a physician and obtaining a medical exam, diagnosis, and recommendation. Always seek the advice of a physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. The Health & Wellness, Dr. Berg Nutritionals and Dr. Eric Berg, D.C. are not liable or responsible for any advice, course of treatment, diagnosis or any other information, services or product you obtain through this video or site.

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Thanks for watching! I hope this video helps you better understand what causes hypoglycemia.

Pathology of Urinary Tract Infection

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Pathology of Urinary Tract Infection

What is a urinary tract infection? Dr. Jorge Murillo, Infectious Disease Physician with Baptist Health South Florida, explains with an image how is the structure of the urinary tract and talks about what can cause an infection.

Diabetic Ketoacidosis DKA Nursing | DKA Pathophysiology Treatment Management NCLEX

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DKA diabetic ketoacidosis nursing management pathophysiology & treatment. DKA is a complication of diabetes mellitus and mainly affects type 1 diabetics. DKA management includes controlling hyperglycemia, ketosis, and acdidosis. Signs & Symptoms include polyuria, polydipsia, hyperglycemia greater than 300 mg/dL, Kussmaul breathing, acetone breath, and ketones in the urine. Typically DKA treatment includes: intravenous fluids, insulin therapy (IV regular insulin), and electrolyte replacement. This video details what the nurse needs to know for the NCLEX exam about diabetic ketoacidosis. I also touch on DKA vs HHS (diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (please see the other video for more details).

Quiz on DKA: http://www.registerednursern.com/diabetic-ketoacidosis-quiz/

Lecture Notes for this video: http://www.registerednursern.com/diabetic-ketoacidosis-nclex-review/

Diabetes NCLEX Review Videos: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQrdx7rRsKfWfFihyG2ecJts_BYwX9qlp

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Visit our website RegisteredNurseRN.com for free quizzes, nursing care plans, salary information, job search, and much more: http://www.registerednursern.com

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What Causes Yellowing of the Eyes? Jaundice and Liver Function Explained ( part 1 )

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In this video, I will attempt to explain the functions of the liver and what causes jaundice, a condition that makes our eyes and our skin yellow.
Come join me today in this video to unravel the function of the liver and what causes jaundice.
I will also touch upon viral hepatitis as a major cause of liver inflammation and dysfunction.

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Think of the liver as a factory that is functioning 24/7.
It’s a factory that has a production line, waste disposal system and a very well run storage system.

The manufacturing component of the liver produces
A) Bile juice, which is critical in the digestion and absorption of fat in the small intestines. Bile also helps in the disposal of waste via our stool
B) Albumin and blood plasma proteins are essential in preventing leakage of fluid out of our blood vessels and in ensuring that our blood can clot to prevent excessive bleeding.
C) immune components and cells such as complement components and acute phase proteins which helps us get rid of external invading agents.

It also has excellent storage capabilities.
It stores the excess glucose floating in our bloodstream and pack them into glycogen within the liver, allowing our human body to utilise this energy when we need it.
It stores essential minerals and vitamins like vitamins A, D, E, K and B12 as well as iron and copper.
All of these minerals and vitamins are vital to our bodily functions, including the formation of blood haemoglobin.

And perhaps the most important function of the liver is in its filtration and waste disposal capability.
All the blood leaving the stomach and intestines passes through the liver, which removes toxins, byproducts, bacteria and other harmful substances, which include drugs that we consume.
Ammonia, which is produced from all organs in our body, is removed almost entirely by the liver.
And If allowed to accumulate, high levels of ammonia can be toxic to our brain, causing confusion, hallucinations and even coma.
Our red blood cells renew themselves every 3 months. Old and dying red blood cells are broken down and the yellowish bilirubin is removed via our liver as well.

So, if you can imagine, what will happen to us if our liver fails?
We will no longer be able to remove wastes and toxins. When this waste builds up, it poisons our organs from within and our body will shut down and stop functioning.
Our blood vessels become leaky with fluid accumulating in our skin and subcutaneous tissues, resulting in a swollen face, swollen abdomen and swollen legs.
In severe cases, water accumulates in our lungs, causing the sensation of drowning.
Our immune system will become severely weakened and we will be prone to all sorts of infection and we may start to bleed easily as our clotting function becomes impaired.
And we will start turning yellow because of the accumulation of bilirubin in our system.
This is known as jaundice

Now let us discuss more jaundice.
Jaundice occurs when high levels of yellowish bilirubin accumulate in our bloodstream, turning the white of our eyes and our skin yellow.
There are many causes of jaundice, which is a lecture by itself.
Jaundice can occur due to the overproduction of bilirubin in our bloodstream – such as when there is overwhelming destruction of our red blood cells.
Or it can occur due to the blockage of the bile duct by stones or cancers, resulting in bilirubin failing to be discharged in our stool. The bilirubin will then overflow back into our bloodstream.
In the majority of cases, it is often due to the inflammation and infection of the liver, of which viral hepatitis is the top culprit.
Hepatitis A, B, C and E are endemic in Singapore. Meaning they are around us all year round.
Inflammation of the liver by viral hepatitis can severely impair the liver’s ability to remove bilirubin.
And therefore jaundice is one of the prominent signs of advanced viral hepatitis.

00:00 Intro
00:45 Functions of liver
00:54 Liver manufacturing capabilities
01:25 Liver storage functions
01:55 Liver Filtration and Waste disposal capabilities
03:19 What is jaundice & causes of jaundice

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Flu Attack! How A Virus Invades Your Body | Krulwich Wonders | NPR

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When you get the flu, viruses turn your cells into tiny factories that help spread the disease. In this animation, NPR’s Robert Krulwich and medical animator David Bolinsky explain how a flu virus can trick a single cell into making a million more viruses.

See and hear the rest of the story on NPR.org: http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=114075029

Credit: Robert Krulwich, David Bolinsky, Jason Orfanon

Copyright © 2009 NPR. All rights reserved. Visit our website terms of use for further information.
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Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Signs & Symptoms (& Why They Occur)

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are infections (mostly bacterial) of the urinary system. UTIs occur more frequently in young women compared to other groups. Due to irritation and inflammation from infective organisms, UTIs have characteristic signs and symptoms. In this lesson, we discuss those signs and symptoms in detail and discuss the reason why they occur.

If you found this lesson helpful, please like and subscribe for more lessons like this one.

JJ

**MEDICAL LEGAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for educational purposes ONLY, and information presented here is not to be used as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal. Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

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Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) Pathophysiology, Animation

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Diabetic ketoacidosis (one of the hyperglycemic crises), DKA, pathophysiology, causes, clinical presentation (signs and symptoms) and treatment. This video is available for instant download licensing here: https://www.alilamedicalmedia.com/-/galleries/narrated-videos-by-topics/diabetes/-/medias/bda71a7a-4598-4b1d-b298-ed06b3c54238-diabetic-ketoacidosis-dka-narrated-animation
Voice by: Penelope Hammet
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Diabetic ketoacidosis, DKA, is an ACUTE and potentially life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus. DKA is commonly associated with type 1 but type 2 diabetics are also susceptible. DKA is caused by a critically LOW INSULIN level and is usually triggered when diabetic patients undergo further STRESS, such as infections, inadequate insulin administration, or cardiovascular diseases. It may also occur as the FIRST presentation of diabetes in people who did NOT know they had diabetes and therefore did NOT have insulin treatment.
Glucose is the MAJOR energy source of the body. It comes from digestion of carbohydrates and is carried by the bloodstream to various organs. Insulin is a hormone produced by beta-cells of the pancreas and is responsible for DRIVING glucose INTO cells. When insulin is DEFICIENT, glucose can NOT enter the cells; it stays in the blood, causing HIGH blood sugar levels while the cells are STARVED. In response to this metabolic starvation, the body INcreases the levels of counter-regulatory hormones. These hormones have 2 major effects that are responsible for clinical presentation of DKA:
– First, they produce MORE glucose in an attempt to supply energy to the cells. This is done by breaking down glycogen into glucose, and synthesizing glucose from NON-carbohydrate substrates such as proteins and lipids. However, as the cells CANNOT use glucose, this response ONLY results in MORE sugar in the blood. As blood sugar level EXCEEDS the ability of the kidneys to reabsorb, it overflows into urine, taking water and electrolytes along with it in a process known as OSMOTIC DIURESIS. This results in large volumes of urine, dehydration and excessive thirst.
– Second, they activate lipolysis and fatty acid metabolism for ALTERNATIVE fuel. In the liver, metabolism of fatty acids as an alternative energy source produces KETONE bodies. One of these is acetone, a volatile substance that gives DKA patient’s breath a characteristic SWEET smell. Ketone bodies, unlike fatty acids, can cross the blood-brain barrier and therefore can serve as fuel for the brain during glucose starvation. They are, however, ACIDIC, and when produced in LARGE amounts, overwhelm the buffering capacity of blood plasma, resulting in metabolic ACIDOSIS. As the body tries to reduce blood acidity by EXHALING MORE carbon dioxide, a deep and labored breathing, known as Kussmaul breathing may result. Another compensation mechanism for high acidity MOVES hydrogen ions INTO cells in exchange for potassium. This leads to INcreased potassium levels in the blood; but as potassium is constantly excreted in urine during osmotic diuresis, the overall potassium level in the body is eventually depleted. A blood test MAY indicate too much potassium, or hyperkalemia, but once INSULIN treatment starts, potassium moves BACK into cells and hypokalemia may result instead. For this reason, blood potassium level is monitored throughout treatment and potassium replacement is usually required together with intravenous fluid and insulin as primary treatment for DKA.

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